Caribbean Community
Map of CARICOM with full members states highlighted in green, associate members in lime green, and observers in pistachio
Seat of Secretariat Georgetown
Official languages
Type Supranational organisation
Member states
Leaders
 -  Secretary-General Irwin LaRocque
 -  Chairman Denzil Douglas
Establishment
 -  Treaty of Chaguaramas 4 July, 1973 
 -  Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas 2001 
Area
 -  Total 458,480 km2 
177,020 sq mi 
Population
 -  2010 estimate 15,948,000 
 -  Density 34.8/km2 
90/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2010 estimate
 -  Total $91,296 billion (70)
 -  Per capita $5,725 (109)
GDP (nominal) 2010 estimate
 -  Total $64,771 billion (65)
 -  Per capita $8,116 (67)
Website
caricom.org

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is an organisation of 15 Caribbean nations and dependencies. CARICOM's main purposes are to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy.[1] Its major activities involve coordinating economic policies and development planning; devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction; operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market); and handling regional trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is based in Georgetown, Guyana.

Since the establishment of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) by the mainly English- (and English Creole-) speaking parts of the Caribbean region CARICOM has become multilingual in practice with the addition of Dutch speaking-Suriname on 4 July 1995 and Haiti, where French and Haitian Creole are spoken on 2 July 2002, and in 2003 the Caribbean Community agreed to make Spanish their second official language.[2]

In 2001, the heads of government signed a Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas thus clearing the way for the transformation of the idea for a Common Market aspect of CARICOM into instead a Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy. Part of the revised treaty among member states includes the establishment and implementation of the Caribbean Court of Justice.

Contents

History

The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), originally the Caribbean Community and Common Market, was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas[3] which came into effect on 1 August 1973. The first four signatories were Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.

CARICOM superseded the 1965–1972 Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA), which had been organised to provide a continued economic linkage between the English-speaking countries of the Caribbean following the dissolution of the West Indies Federation which lasted from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962.

A Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas[4] establishing the Caribbean Community including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) was signed by the CARICOM Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community on 5 July 2001 at their Twenty-Second Meeting of the Conference in Nassau, The Bahamas.

Membership

Currently CARICOM has 15 full members, 5 associate members and 7 observers. All of the associate members are British overseas territories, and it is currently not established what the role of the associate members will be. The observers are states which engage in at least one of CARICOM's technical committees.

CARICOM Members
Status Name Join date Notes
Full member  Antigua and Barbuda 4 July 1974
 Bahamas 4 July 1983 Not part of customs union
 Barbados 1 August 1973
 Belize 1 May 1974
 Dominica 1 May 1974
 Grenada 1 May 1974
 Guyana 1 August 1973
 Haiti 2 July 2002 Provisional membership on 4 July 1998
 Jamaica 1 August 1973
 Montserrat 1 May 1974 British overseas territory
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 26 July 1974 Joined as Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
 Saint Lucia 1 May 1974
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 May 1974
 Suriname 4 July 1995
 Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1973
Associate  Anguilla July 1999 British overseas territory
 Bermuda 2 July 2003 British overseas territory
 British Virgin Islands July 1991 British overseas territory
 Cayman Islands 16 May 2002 British overseas territory
 Turks and Caicos Islands July 1991 British overseas territory
Observer  Aruba Country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
 Colombia
 Curaçao Country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
status unknown after dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
 Dominican Republic
 Mexico
 Puerto Rico Commonwealth of the USA
 Sint Maarten Country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
status unknown after dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
 Venezuela

Anguilla

In July 1999, Anguilla once again became involved with CARICOM when it gained associate membership. Before this, Anguilla had briefly been a part of CARICOM (1974–1980) as a constituent of the full member state of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.

Dominican Republic

In 2005 the Foreign Minister of the Dominican Republic proposed for the second time that the government of the Dominican Republic wished to obtain full membership status in CARICOM. However, due to the sheer size of the Dominican Republic's economy and population size in comparison with the current CARICOM states and coupled with the Dominican Republic's checkered history of foreign policy solidarity with the CARICOM states it is unclear whether the CARICOM states will unanimously vote to admit the Dominican Republic as a full member into the organisation. CARICOM has been working at great pains in trying to integrate with Haiti. It has been proposed that CARICOM may deepen ties with the Dominican Republic through the auspice of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) instead, which is an organisation that stops just short of the Single market and economy which underpins CARICOM. Currently, the Dominican Republic has an unratified free trade agreement (from 2001) with CARICOM. It cooperates with CARICOM (since 1992) under an umbrella organisation, CARIFORUM, an economic pact between CARICOM and the Dominican Republic with the EU.[5] The Dominican Republic originally became an Observer of CARICOM in 1982 and in 1991 it had presented CARICOM with a request for full membership.[6]

French Caribbean Territories

France administers several territories in the Caribbean that are not associated with CARICOM: Saint-Martin, Saint Barthélemy, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana.

Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and the Netherlands

Both Aruba and the former Netherlands Antilles have been observer members of CARICOM, but no official report has been published on the eligibility for observer membership of the Caribbean countries Curaçao and Sint Maarten and the 3 special municipalities of the Netherlands which formed after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.

In 2005, the Netherlands Antilles made an official request for the status of associate membership.[7] It's unsure how the dissolution will affect requested associate membership status for both islands. Curaçao has announced that it wants to continue deepening ties with the CARICOM bloc.[8][9]

United States Virgin Islands

In 2007, the U.S. Virgin Islands government announced it would begin seeking ties with CARICOM.[10] It is not clear what membership status the USVI would obtain should they join CARICOM. It is possible the USVI would obtain observer status, considering fellow U.S. Caribbean territory Puerto Rico's current observer status.

Relationship to other supranational Caribbean organisations

Relations

Haiti invasion

In March 2004, tensions became strained between member-state Haiti and the rest of the Caribbean Community bloc. Democratically elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide phoned some of the other 14 CARICOM heads of government and stated that he had been kidnapped by France and the United States and taken out of the country.[11][12] CARICOM announced that no democratically elected government in CARICOM should have its leader deposed. The 14 other heads of government sought to have Aristide visit Jamaica and share his account of events with them. This move to have Jean-Bertrand Aristide flown from Africa to Jamaica infuriated the unelected interim Prime Minister, Gérard Latortue who then announced he would be taking steps to remove Haiti from CARICOM. The CARICOM heads then announced they would be holding a vote on whether to suspend the recognition of Latortue before he could vote on Haiti leaving CARICOM. This occurred and Haitian officials became suspended partaking in the councils of CARICOM. This did not stop Latortue, who announced that he would continue a part of his plan to suspend Haiti from CARICOM.[13] Haiti's membership had been effectively suspended from 29 February 2004 through early June 2006. Following the democratic election of Haitian President René Préval, he gave the opening address at the organisation's Council of Ministers meeting in July.

Statistics

See also: Trade bloc
Population and economic statistics of full members
Member States Land area (km2)[14] Population[15] GDP (PPP) Millions USD[16] GDP Per Capita USD[17]
 CARICOM 432,510 15,961,203 89,797 11,632
 Antigua & Barbuda 442.6 85,632 1,646 18,585
 Bahamas 10,010 342,000 9,228 27,394
 Barbados 430 279,000 5,244 19,026
 Belize 22,806 333,200 2,525 7,881
 Dominica 751 72,660 0,720 10,045
 Grenada 344 110,000 1,153 10,842
 Guyana 196,849 772,298 3,082 4,035
 Haiti 27,560 9,035,536 11,562 1,318
 Jamaica 10,831 2,825,928 20,958 7,766
 Montserrat 102 4,488 0,029 3,400
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 261 42,696 0,750 14,169
 Saint Lucia 606 160,765 1,839 10,819
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 389 120,000 1,086 10,150
 Suriname 156,000 472,000 4,436 8,323
 Trinidad and Tobago 5,128 1,305,000 27,038 20,723
Population and economic statistics of associate members
Member Land area (km2)[14] Population[15] GDP (PPP) Millions USD[16] GDP Per Capita USD[17]
 Anguilla 91 13,477 0.108 8,800
 Bermuda 54 67,837 5,085 91,477
 British Virgin Islands 151 24,000 0.840 38,500
 Cayman Islands 264 56,000 1,939 43,800
 Turks and Caicos Islands 948 36,600 0.845 6,400
Population and economic statistics of observers
Member Land area[14] Population[15] GDP (PPP) Millions USD[16] GDP Per Capita USD[17]
 Aruba 180 106,000 2,400 21,800
 Colombia 1,109,104 44,928,970 396,579 8,400
 Curaçao 444 142,180 2,914 20,567
 Dominican Republic 48,320 9,523,209 76,304 8,570
 Mexico 1,943,945 111,211,789 1,548,007 14,560
 Puerto Rico 8,870 3,994,259 77.400 19,600
 Sint Maarten 34 37,429 0.400 11,400
 Venezuela 882,050 28,199,825 358,623 12,785

Under Article 4 the CARICOM organisation breaks its 15 member states into two groups: Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs).[4]

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are:

The countries of CARICOM which are designated as More Developed Countries (MDCs) are:

Organisational structure

Structures comprised by the overall Caribbean Community (CARICOM).[18]

Secretariat

The goal statement of the CARICOM Secretariat is:

To provide dynamic leadership and service, in partnership with Community institutions and Groups, toward the attainment of a viable, internationally competitive and sustainable Community, with improved quality of life for all.

Chairmanship

The post of Chairman (Head of CARICOM) is held in rotation by the regional Heads of State (for the republics) and Heads of Government (for the realms) of CARICOM's 15 member states.

CARICOM Heads of Government

CARICOM contains a quasi-Cabinet of the individual Heads of Government. These heads are given specific specialised portfolios of responsibility for overall regional development and integration.[19]

Caribbean Community organs and bodies

Principal organs
Organ Description
CARICOM Heads of Government Consisting of the various heads of Government from each member state
Standing Committee of Ministers Ministerial responsibilities for specific areas, for example the Standing Committee of Ministers responsible for Health will consist of Ministers of Health from each member state

Community Council

The Council consists of Ministers responsible for Community Affairs and any other Minister designated by the Member States in their absolute discretion. It is one of the principal organs (the other being the Conference of the Heads of Government) and is supported by four other organs and three bodies.

Secondary organs
Secondary organ Abbreviation
Council for Finance and Planning COFAP
Council for Foreign and Community Relations COFCOR
Council for Human and Social Development COHSOD
Council for Trade and Economic Development COTED
Bodies
Body Description
Legal Affairs Committee provides legal advice to the organs and bodies of the Community
Budget Committee examines the draft budget and work programme of the Secretariat and submits recommendations to the Community Council.
Committee of the Central Bank Governors provides recommendations to the COFAP on monetary and financial matters.

Caribbean Community institutions

The twenty designated institutions of CARICOM are as follows:

Institutions
Institution Abbreviation
Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency CDERA
Caribbean Meteorological Institute CMI
Caribbean Meteorological Organisation CMO
Caribbean Food Corporation CFC
Caribbean Environment Health Institute CEHI
Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute CARDI
Caribbean Regional Centre for the Education and training of Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Assistants REPAHA
Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians ACCP
Caribbean Centre for Development Administration CARICAD
Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute CFNI
Caribbean Examinations Council CXC
CARICOM Single Market and Economy CSME
Caribbean Court of Justice CCJ
CARICOM Competition Commission CCC
Caribbean Regional Information and Translation Institute CRITI

The Caribbean Court of Justice will act in its "original jurisdiction", as settlement unit for disputes on the functioning of the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy (CSME). Additionally the states of CARICOM voted to supplement original jurisdiction with "appellate jurisdiction" under this the former colonies of the United Kingdom will have effectively replaced the Privy Council in London, United Kingdom with the CCJ.

The CCJ is based in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The majority of member states however, continue to utilize the Privy Council as their final appellate court and three member states do not use the CCJ for either its original jurisdiction or its appellate jurisdiction because they have either not signed the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (the Bahamas and Haiti) or are a current British colony (Montserrat).

Associate institutions

The five designated associate institutions of CARICOM are as follows:

Associate institutions
Associate institution Abbreviation
Caribbean Development Bank CDB
University of Guyana UG
University of the West Indies UWI
Caribbean Law Institute / Caribbean Law Institute Centre CLI / CLIC
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States OECS

Projects

Single market and economy

Three countries—Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—had originally set 5 January 2005 as the date of signing the agreement relating to the (CSME). The ceremony had then been rescheduled to coincide with the 19 February 2005 inauguration of the new CARICOM-headquarters building in Georgetown, Guyana, but this was later postponed after a ruling by the London Privy council caused alarm to several Caribbean countries.

The prospect was that ten of the remaining twelve CARICOM countries would join the CSME by the end of 2005. The Bahamas and Haiti were not expected to be a part of the new economic arrangement at that time. The CARICOM Secretariat maintains frequent contact with another organisation named the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), which represents seven Full members and two Associate members of CARICOM in the Eastern Caribbean. Many of the OECS countries are seeking to maintain themselves as a micro-economic grouping within CARICOM.

The CARICOM Single Market and Economy treaty finally went into effect on 1 January 2006, with Barbados, Belize, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago as the first full members. On 3 July 2006, the total membership was brought up to twelve when Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines became full members. The British overseas territory of Montserrat is seeking permission from the United Kingdom to become a part of the single market; Haiti will not join the market initially because of its difficult internal political situation; and the Bahamas will not join because of local opposition to a provision that allows skilled workers to move more easily among nations.

Common passport

Main article: Caribbean passport

As of early 2009 twelve Member States have introduced CARICOM passports. These states are Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.[20][21][22] CARICOM members yet to issue the common passports are Bahamas, Montserrat and Haiti. Citizens of Montserrat are citizens of the United Kingdom, so it is unlikely that the common passport will be introduced there.

The CARICOM passport creates awareness that CARICOM nationals are nationals of the Community, as well as a specific country.

Visa and the Single Domestic Space in 2006

During the July 2006 CARICOM Summit, the various leaders reached an agreement on measures to ensure hassle-free movement for visitors to the 2007 Cricket World Cup, as well intelligence sharing and cooperation for the security of the event.[23] People were originally to be able to travel amongst the nine host countries and Dominica between 15 January 2007 and 15 May 2007 using a single CARICOM visa.[24] However, during a meeting in Trinidad and Tobago on 29 December 2006, the Heads of Government decided to push back the creation of the Single Domestic Space to 1 February 2007 in response to representation from tourism ministers and others involved in the tourism industry.[25][26]

Cruise ship passengers not staying more than 24 hours at any of the 10 Caribbean countries were issued with a CARICOM day pass. However, those who were staying on cruise ships, dubbed "floating hotels" for the duration of the games, were required to obtain a visa unless their countries fell within those that are exempted.[27] Visa abolition agreements between some of the ten Caribbean states concerned and countries whose citizens were then required to obtain CARICOM visas during the Cricket World Cup provided for the suspension of the visa-free policy in such cases.[27]

During the three and a half month period from February to May, the ten Caribbean countries became a "single domestic space"[28] in which travellers only had their passport stamped and had to submit completed entry and departure forms at the first port and country of entry. The entry and departure forms were also standardised for all ten countries.[29] When continuing travel throughout the Single Domestic Space, persons (including those using the common visa) were not required to have their documents processed to clear customs and immigration and did not need to have their passports stamped, but still needed to travel with them.[23] Once passengers arrived at the Immigration Department Desk at the first port of entry, they were provided with a blue CARICOM wristband that identified them for hassle free movement through the single domestic space.[30][31][32]

When the single domestic space came to an end on 15 May 2007 nearly 45,000 visas had been issued.[33]

In February 2007 the CARICOM Heads of Government agreed to set up a Task Force to recommend a revised CARICOM Special Visa for the future, making any changes necessary from the experiences of the 3 month Single Domestic Space.

Travel card

Main article: CARIPASS

At the 28th CARICOM Heads of Government Conference[34] in Barbados it was agreed to implement a CARICOM travel card that will be issued to every CARICOM national except those on the Community's watch list. An implementation plan for the document will be put together and submitted to the Heads at the next inter-sessional meeting to be held in September. The card will virtually maintain the ‘single domestic space’ and holders will not need a passport, during inter-community travel.[35] The card will also allow a CARICOM national an automatic six-month stay in any territory within the bloc.[36] It is not expected to affect the security of the member countries, as any holder will be deported if he or she breaks the law.[35] Similar to the "Pass Cards" available in other parts of the world,[37] the new card would be the size of a credit card and will feature facial and fingerprinting biometrics – so upon arrival at an airport, travellers can swipe the card in the machine which will open the barrier allowing them to walk through.[35][36][37] In addition to being available to all CARICOM national, the card would be available to expatriates who have legal status in a member country. Their card would be time-bound in a way that is linked exclusively to the time of their legal status.[36][37] The cost of acquiring the card is to yet be determined, but the country leaders have agreed that the proceeds would go towards offsetting the cost of enhanced security at the ports.[36]

Future proposals

Free trade

From around the year 2000, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) states have placed a new focus and emphasis on establishing Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with local and international trading partners. In the past this was done in collaboration with the Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery (CRNM), however in 2009 the CARICOM Heads of Government have voted for the CRNM to be moved to the Caribbean Community organisation where it would become renamed the CARICOM Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN)[38] similar to the OCTA of the Pacific Islands Forum.

Preferential agreements
Negotiating parties Start day Start month Start year
CARICOM 1 January 1993
Venezuela
CARICOM 1995
Colombia
Free Trade Agreements
Proposed

Note that the on-going negotiations with the EU over an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) involves all the CARICOM Member States (except Montserrat, which is not independent) plus the Dominican Republic grouped under the Caribbean Forum or CARIFORUM sub-grouping of the ACP countries. At the end of these negotiations (begun in 2002 and due to end in 2007) there will be a new Free Trade Agreement that will replace the Lomé system of preferential access to the European market for the ACP from 2008.[43]

Petrocaribe

13 of the 15 CARICOM countries have signed in 2005 the Petrocaribe, an oil alliance with Venezuela which permits them to purchase oil on conditions of preferential payment.

See also

References

  1. ^ Ramjeet, Oscar (2009-04-16). "CARICOM countries will speak with one voice in meetings with US and Canadian leaders". Caribbean Net News. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-15757--63-63--.html. Retrieved 2009-04-16. 
  2. ^ http://www.caricom.org/jsp/speeches/awardceremony_outstandingstudents_applewhaite.jsp?null&prnf=1. Spanish should become the second official language of CARICOM
  3. ^ Original Treaty of Chaguaramas
  4. ^ a b Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas
  5. ^ The EU and Cariforum
  6. ^ "Dominican Republic in CARICOM?". Caribbeannetnews.com. 2011-03-18. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/2005/08/23/sanders.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  7. ^ "Netherlands Antilles policy towards the Caribbean is one of committed neighbour". Caribbeannetnews.com. 2011-03-18. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000030/003019.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  8. ^ "NationNews Barbados - Local, Regional and International News". nationnews.com. 2010-05-15. http://www.nationnews.com/story/331831299788307.php. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  9. ^ "Netherlands Antilles and Barbados to strengthen ties". Caribbean Net News. 2011-03-18. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000032/003215.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  10. ^ USVI, BVI leaders discuss areas of mutual interest
  11. ^ "Aristide accuses U.S. of coup d'état". Cbc.ca. 2004-03-02. http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2004/03/01/newhaiti040301.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  12. ^ "Aristide launches kidnap lawsuit". BBC News. 2004-03-31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3587777.stm. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  13. ^ "Haiti suspends ties with CARICOM". Trinidadandtobagonews.com. http://www.trinidadandtobagonews.com/forum/webbbs_config.pl/noframes/read/1721. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  14. ^ a b c CIA World Factbook: Land area rankings: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html
  15. ^ a b c CIA World Factbook: Population rankings: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html
  16. ^ a b c CIA World Factbook: GDP rankings: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html
  17. ^ a b c CIA World Factbook: GDP Per Capita rankings: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ Regional Portfolios of CARICOM Heads of Government
  20. ^ "More Member States using the new CARICOM passport". Caricom.org. http://www.caricom.org/jsp/pressreleases/pres22_07.jsp. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  21. ^ Lesser Known Facts about the CSM
  22. ^ "The Nation Newspaper - New Caricom passport". Nationnews.com. 2010-05-15. http://www.nationnews.com/story/294271679288620.php. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  23. ^ a b "Freedom of Movement during Cricket World Cup". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 2006-07-07. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060707/lead/lead7.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  24. ^ "CARICOM's historic steps towards integration". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 2006-07-09. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060709/int/int2.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  25. ^ "Visa fee ease for families". Nationnews.com. 2010-05-15. http://www.nationnews.com/story/359014591638021.php. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  26. ^ CARICOM SPECIAL VISA FACTS
  27. ^ a b "Common CARICOM visa policy for CWC 2007". Landofsixpeoples.com. 2006-11-16. http://landofsixpeoples.com/news604/nc611165.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  28. ^ Hassle-free movement for CWC 2007 travellers.
  29. ^ Mega-security plan for Cricket World Cup ‘07
  30. ^ "CARICOM Countries Launch `Single Domestic Space`". Offshore 2 Offshore. http://www.offshore2offshore.com/news/CARICOM+Countries+Launch+%60Single+Domestic+Space%60. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  31. ^ "CARICOM Single Domestic Space comes into effect". Caricom.org. http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/regional_issues/cwc_2007/single_domestic_space.jsp. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  32. ^ A travel blog entry by kris. "Gros Inlet and Soufriere, Saint Lucia (has a picture of the wristband)". TravelPod. http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-city/Saint%20Lucia/Gros%20Inlet%20and%20Soufriere/tpod.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  33. ^ "CARICOM visa and single domestic space effective border security tools". Caribbeannetnews.com. 2011-03-18. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/caricom/caricom.php?news_id=1523&start=0&category_id=39. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  34. ^ "Communiqué 28th Heads of Government Conference Meeting". Caricom.org. http://www.caricom.org/jsp/communications/communiques/28hgc_2007_communique.jsp. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  35. ^ a b c "Regional Heads agree to implement CARICOM travel card". Caribbean Net News. 2011-03-18. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-2385--39-39--.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  36. ^ a b c d "Jamaica Gleaner News - New electronic card for Caribbean travel - Friday | 6 July 2007". Jamaica-gleaner.com. 2007-07-06. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070706/business/business7.html. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  37. ^ a b c "The Nation Newspaper | Travel swipe cards coming soon". Nationnews.com. 2010-05-15. http://www.nationnews.com/story/291517013649334.php. Retrieved 2011-03-25. 
  38. ^ Ambassador heads CARICOM Office of Trade Negotiations, 09 July 2009, Caribbean Net News.
  39. ^ "Guyana signs EPA in Brussels". 2008-10-23. http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=31391. Retrieved 16 November 2008. 
  40. ^ "EPA signed, now let's implement it". 2008-10-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20081025083829/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/editorial/html/20081022T010000-0500_141615_OBS_EPA_SIGNED__NOW_LET_S_IMPLEMENT_IT.asp. Retrieved 16 November 2008. 
  41. ^ "Caribbean will get 165 million Euros from EU under the EPA". 2008-10-23. http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/news-11637--4-4--.html. Retrieved 16 November 2008. 
  42. ^ US wants free trade with Caricom.
  43. ^ Economic Partnership Agreements

External links

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